Behavior in Different Soils
When comparing the contribution of the shaft and the bearing plates to the axial compressive resistance in sands, the shaft of the helical pile tends to contribute more to load with increasing density. However, more of the load is carried by the bearing plates in sands than in clays. In addition, the increase in load carried by the shaft with denser sands is much less dramatic than that in stiffer clays. Similarly in clays, the bearing plates in sands carry most of the load, and their contributions increase in proportion as the pile approaches its ultimate axial capacity (Elsherbiny and El Naggar 2013).
In cohesionless soils, helical pile performance is greater in compression than in tension due to reduced uplift resistance (Mohajerani and Bromwich 2016).
When helical piles are embedded in a weak layer of soil followed by a strong layer of soil, the friction of the pile in the weak layer should be ignored, since “the settlement required to develop any support from the soft stratum is much greater than that in the hard stratum” (Wilson 1950). If helical piles are imbedded in a strong layer of soil followed by a weak layer of soil, considerable displacement and settlement should be expected. To account for this, consolidation must be calculated, or the pile can be assumed to lie in the weak layer of soil to be conservative (Wilson 1950).
Depending on the soil conditions, the compressive capacity of a helical pier will be equal to or greater than the tensile capacity (Zhang 1999).
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